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Introduction
Welcome to your first class in Karate. Whatever your reasons for joining
the class, you will probably find it quite strange and unusual at first.
Over the thousands of years in which Karate developed, many procedures
were developed to condition the student to certain patterns of behavior
under stress.
Note the term "conditioning or "patterning"; karate actually patterns
certain responses and actions so they become reflexive. Unlike "self defense"
courses which teach novel and planned responses to attack, karate teaches
reflexive patterns not preceded by thought.
At times, in order to learn this conditioned response, you will find
the exercises ' monotonous; remember that you are conditioning a response.
Much time and patience is called for. Gradually, if you can discipline
yourself, you will find new limits to your initial and physical ability.
Each student is asked to follow certain rules as part of the discipline
of karate: You are, as a beginner, expected to wear a white uniform which
we can furnish. All males are assumed, when in uniform, to be wearing a
hard athletic cup; all females wear a white t-shirt or body shirt - since
the uniform jacket may at times be grabbed and torn open.
In addition you should know that the karate gym is regarded as a temple:
when you enter and leave you will bow to the flags as a mark of respect.
Prior to and after conversing with any ranking Belt you will bow, again,
as a mark of respect to the art. Following is a list you should learn immediately.
The Unspoken Rules of Karate
1. Your belt is your rank. When you put it on all other relationships
cease. Respect is shown to any person of higher belt rank regardless of
age, personal feelings, or style differences.
2. You address all higher belt ranks formally, as in "Mr.", "Mrs."
3. Your belt must be removed before eating or drinking.
4. Your uniform is clean before every meeting, testing or demonstration.
5. Your feet, hands, body, fingernails, toenails are clean before entering
gym.
6. Your fingernails and toenails are trimmed short.
7. You are encouraged to be on time. If you arrive late, do not interrupt,
sit
in formal sitting position facing flag until instructor places
you in class.
8. You perform every exercise to the best of your ability without complaint.
Do
not drop out unless told to do so.
9. You do not wear metal of any sort anywhere on the body.
10. You do not engage in laughter, horseplay, loud or unnecessary talking
during the class. Do not lean against the walls. Maintain absolute self-control
at all times.
If you work hard and adhere to the rules, you will begin to notice not
only physical but mental changes - karate is said to be a "Thing of the
spirit" - Students often remark that they study better, sleep better, feel
more calm and find less need for alcohol, tobacco, or other "crutches."
These changes were not unknown to the Buddhist monks who developed karate.
Secrets of Karate
By now, you have experienced your first lesson in the gym. Now you are
ready for the secret of karate. The ' only "secret" is practice every day,
even briefly. You must practice a minimum of four days a week to make satisfactory
progress. As soon as your instructor sees that you are able to progress,
you will be advanced. One of the great benefits of karate is that each
individual may advance at his own rate.
As a beginner, your goal is to become conditioned to Basic Exercises.
Later, you will be taught to combine these into forms which are precision
exercises against imagined opponents, and which are the "Heart" of karate.
Forms are the most important part of karate because they combine mental
and physical awareness - a preparedness for contest or combat.
You will later learn one-steps and three-steps - a series of self-defense
blocks and counters to condition your sight, timing, and movements to make
you impervious to attack. When you are reasonably proficient in these,
you will be shown how to combine them in free-sparring. Usually this is
not taught until intermediate belt rank because the reflexes and patterns
are not "built-in" until then.
A cautionary note: do not ask a friend to go beyond your class lessons
by teaching you to free-spar or do one-steps. Your instructor will advance
you when you are seen to be ready. The pattern of learning has evolved
over centuries, based not only on physical but mental and spiritual growth.
"The characteristic of a white belt is impatience; of a black belt,
perseverance…”
Helpful Hints
Here are some points which might be helpful in your learning of the art.
1. The gym is your school. You will be judged by not only how you act
in it, but how you conduct yourself when you leave.
2. Remember that your instructor does not have to teach you, and is
doing you a favor. You owe that instructor the courtesy of strict attention.
3. No one has the same abilities in all things; the same applies to
karate. But everyone starts off equally. How well you do depends on whether
or not you apply yourself.
4. Remember that when you begin to learn karate, you have joined one
of the most
exclusive club in the world. Not everyone who joins is capable
of continuing
for one reason or another.
5. A karate-person would never willingly fight, no matter what the
reason.
6. No one who is completely honest with himself will ever claim to
be an "expert" in karate, nor is a few months learning ever enough. In
other words, the more you learn, the more you need to learn. 1
7. Within the martial arts there are many different
styles of karate. Some are American or Okinawan, others are Japanese, Chinese
or Korean in origin. All are equally valid and deserving of respect. To
ask which is best is to ask which church is best--it depends on both the
skill of the individual instructor and on each student. Do your best and
you will be your best.
Control
In practice, strict control of all techniques is strongly emphasized. A
karateka is trained to deliver a blow with all the power in his/her body
to a vital area and to stop that blow within one quarter-inch of contact.
It then becomes possible, should the occasion arise to defend himself on
the street, to actually make sufficient contact to cause pain, or injury,
or death, depending on the degree and seriousness of the attack. The concept
of control is always taken most seriously; overresponse is illmannered,
impolite.
Bodidharma, the legendary Buddhist monk who brought karate from India
to China developed five levels of control - and, fortunately, these translate
into what are called the 5-D's.
Demonstrate
Discourage
Damage
Disable
Death
In the class we use the first level, obviously.
Your Association - AKA
The name of your accrediting association is the American Karate Association.
AKA is composed of over 80 karate schools of all styles: member black-belts
must pass strict AKA reviews to affiliate with AKA.
While Korean, Japanese, Okinawan and Chinese and American styles within
AKA have their own national origins, it is the purpose of AKA to provide
a practical, pragmatic learning across all styles. "If it works, use it."
- regardless of whether it is Korean, Japanese, etc., is the philosophy.
Founded in 1964- by Ernest H. Lieb, 8th Dan, who had won over 42 national
tournaments, AKA was a reaction against foreign control of karate in the
U.S. To use analogy, the Japanese, who now play baseball, would not dream
of gaining certification of their baseball players through our American
or National Leagues - they form their own. So it is with AKA - no affiliation,
no financial payment is ever sent overseas to "purchase" certification
as in some commercial schools. This is expressly forbidden in AKA. The
association promotes national and interschool tournaments as well as clinics
which bring together students from many styles in a
spirit of mutual learning and fellowship. By the time you achieve yellow
belt rank you should know:
AKA President: John Sharkey, 5th Dan
AKA Founder: Ernest H. Lieb, 8th Dan
AKA CODE OF ETHICS
- A member must be loyal and respectful to the Association, its instructors
and students.
- A member must respect the Association and his style in the best
manner possible at all times.
- A member must show respect to his flag and his country.
- A member should not degrade other systems or Associations.
- A member should show respect at all times to higher ranking members
of this Association, to promote and advertise only those abilities he is
qualified to teach.
- It is unethical to solicit students from a member Karate School.
- It is unethical to use the name of this Association if not a member
in good standing.
- It is unethical, while on staff of a school to teach other than
in that school unless mutually agreed.
- It is unethical to be head instructor of a school under the rank
of Black Belt.
- It is unethical to accept rank with other Associations (unless
honorary) while a member of this Association.
- It is unethical to represent any rank other than what has been
verified by this Association.
- If one is a member in good standing, this Association will sanction
and help promote a tournament to the utmost.
Rank Reviews
Rank reviews are held regularly throughout the year. Every student who
has
completed their requirements as shown in the Student Log may review.
Among the standards for promotion are the following:
1. Character and attitude
2. Desire to learn
3. Knowledge of karate and AKA and UKS history/philosophy
4. Perfection of fundamental stances, kicks, strikes
5. Mastery of forms
6. Application of techniques
7. Length of actual practice time - attendance
8. Development of control, precision, speed, power
9. Teaching ability, assistance to others
The following are the only ranks recognized by the American Karate
Association.
All ranks are probationary for six months.
| Color Belt |
Rank |
Minimum Time-In-Grade |
|
|
|
| Yellow |
8th Grade |
3 months |
| Yellow |
7th Grade |
3 months |
| Green |
6th Grade |
3 months |
| Green |
5th Grade |
3 months |
| Purple |
4th Grade |
3 months |
| Brown |
3rd Grade |
4 months |
| Brown |
2nd Grade |
4 months |
| Brown |
1st Grade |
4 months |
|
|
|
| Black |
1st Dan (Degree) |
1 Year |
| Black |
2nd Dan |
2 Years |
| Black |
3rd Dan |
3 Years |
| Black |
4th Dan |
3 Years |
| Black |
5th Dan * |
3 Years |
| Black |
6th Dan |
3 Years |
| Black |
7th Dan |
3 Years |
| Black |
8th Dan ** |
3 Years |
| Black |
9th Dan |
3 Years |
| Black |
10th Dan |
4 Years |
*Promotions above 5th Dan represent outstanding service and devotion
to the art.
**The highest rank recognized by the United Karate System is 8th Dan.
The United Karate System
The founding of the UKS was spearheaded by Robert and Mary Anne Nicholson
and made strong by like minded black belts and students. We are guided
by these principles:
- That Karate ought to be affordable to as many as possible.
- That any organization needed be minimal, democratic and volunteer
and that organizational fees-reflect this.
- That instruction among black belts be free and freely given.
- That knowledge be shared freely and any aids be shared for the cost
of those aids.
- That students and black belts are encouraged to visit branch schools
free of charge.
- That loyalty is earned, not given and that it flows from the instructor
to the student and back again.
- That standards and regulations for all ranks, be fair and demanding
and apply equally to all.
- That we have no need to be like or compare ourselves financially or
any other way with any other organization.
- That people are the most important concern not punches, kicks or money,;but people.
- That we search out and band together with like minded people.
- We strive to be the best of our ability to uphold Gichin Funakoshi’s
(modern day father of karate) definition of karate:
"A true karate-ka is
one with the godlike capacity to think and feel for others, irrespective
of their rank or position. A true karate-ka is one who possesses ideals
so lofty, a mind so delicate, that they raise this karate-ka above all
things ignoble and base, yet strengthen the karate-ka's hands to raise
those fallen, no matter how low. The ultimate aim of karate, therefore,
lies not in victory or defeat, but in the perfection of the character of
its participants."
Warming Up
By now you have learned the distinction between "warming-up exercises"
and "Basic Exercises," which are actually the beginnings of the conditioning
response we are "training into" you.
Normally, in United Karate System, when the student enters the gym,
he or she immediately begins the warming-up routine before the class lines
up and bows in. You must learn the warm-up routine to gain the strength
and suppleness needed. Note that a general physical development akin to
that of a swimmer is desired; there are no bulging, overdeveloped muscle
groups which provide bulk. Bulk slows down the speed and force of reaction.
If you practice the warm-up routine daily, you will soon see an advancement
in stamina.
Never be afraid to ask questions if you do not understand. New white
belts should go to the advanced belts with any problem that might arise
or with questions that need to be answered. If the advanced belt cannot
help you, he will take you to a black belt.
Age of Black Belts
Standards for belt rankings are in fact more stringent than in some other
styles only concerned with physical performance. Maturity of outlook required
for promotion to Black Belt prevents the creation of "Kid Black Belts"
seen in some store-front schools. UKS requires a minimum age of 15. However, for students who are ready to test to black and are not yet of age, the red belt has been created.
Teaching Hours
One essential element of a Black Belt is a strong desire to share his knowledge
with others. Having the desire to teach, and having the knowledge of how
to teach are two very different things. With this in mind, you will be
required to log 100 teaching hours by the time you are a Black Belt. A
teaching hour is obtained anytime you help instruct a lower rank in the
art of Karate or do any demonstration approved by your instructor which
helps to promote an understanding of the martial arts
Every time you have to explain a technique, you become more intimately
aware o~ that technique. The better you understand a technique the better
you can pass on your accumulated knowledge to others.
Women and American Karate
Unlike many Okinawan and Japanese styles of karate, United Karate System
makes and recognizes no special provision for women. No easing of requirements
is allowed: Women are required to free-spar with men; they are not excused
from the free-fighting part of the class. For that matter, men free-spar
with women, often of higher rank. No oriental "loss of face" is implied
in UKS. Further, the belt worn by women is not specially striped with a
white line as in many other styles.
Evaluating Karate Schools
On occasion you may choose to visit other karate schools: Let your instructor
know when you do so and always be sure to identify yourself and your home
school, as a courtesy. As was mentioned earlier, you can evaluate a school
by its national association and by its instructor's conduct. You can judge
a school, often, by watching a practice session. Be certain that you are
modest and tactful in your comments. Recall that karate, like all arts,
has its share of egomaniacs; beware of instructors who claim theirs "the
only true style" or who claim to teach only "the Cadillac of karate," discrediting
other styles. Some schools even offer a contract to sell a "green belt
course," or "black belt course"; a given number of lessons, usually for
large fees. Others may advertise "no long-term contract" - and still use
contracts of a year or more. Obviously a ploy to the eager but naive person
who wants a belt more than wanting an art. A true karate person is modest,
and makes no self-centered claims.
Pledge
Karate training is designed to develop not only the physical body, but
the total person. Physical proficiency alone may make you a fighter, but
not a karate-ka.
That karate goes beyond the physical is expressed simply in the Pledge
which opens each class.
WE SWEAR:
To build ourselves physically and mentally, based upon the Karate spirit;
To keep friendship with one another, and to be a strong group;
To obey all regulations and the instructor.
History
Today there are many forms of unarmed self-defense which have spread
around the world. Various Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Okinawan arts which
use the limbs as weapons are known by the inaccurate term "Karate", which
is a Japanese word meaning originally, Chinese-hand, but has been changed
to mean empty-hand.
The origin of these arts is not known, but historical and legendary
accounts mentioning them are among the earliest records of life. Greece
seems to be the springboard of the martial arts to the rest of the world.
Legend has it that Alexander the Great brought Pancration, the greek martial
art, to Bodidharma, who is referred to as the father of ancient Karate.,
Bodidharma, also known as Daruma or Tamo, taught his refined art to Buddist
monks. These monks used it as practical self defense methods as well as
physical and mental conditioning both of which were essential to Buddists
monks who traveled and studied then. The martial arts spread from the monestaries
of India and China to Korea and Okinawa in this manner.
Okinawa:
The martial emphasis of the martial arts flourished by necessity. Although
the beginnings of the art of Okinawa-te ("Okinawa hand") could be found
early in Okinawan history, it came into prominence during Japanese occupation,
when weapons were prohibited. Okinawa-te so highly developed as a necessary
form of self-defense, that the Japanese brought Master Gichin Funakoshi
to Japan in 1928, to challenge their best jiu-jitsu man. He won resoundingly
and remained in Japan to teach his art. (The Japanese understandably changed
the name of the art to karate. Some of the more notable Okinawan styles
are Ishin-Ryu and Shorin-Ryu.
Korea:
Again, in Korea, the predecessors of ' Tae Kwon Do ("Foot-Fist Art")
developed slowly as arts and religious training until 935 A.D. when the
military kingdom of Koryo came into power, the martial arts became true
military arts - part of the training of soldiers - and as such emphasized
the development of power and effectiveness more than aesthetics. Another
period of rapid development occurred, as in Okinawa, during the Japanese
occupation of Korea. Tae Kwon Do was a practical defense and source of
national pride to the Koreans, even though its practice was forbidden by
the Japanese overlords. At the end of World War II (and of the 36year Japanese
occupation), Korean nationals returned to their homeland from all over
the Orient, exposing Tae Kwon Do to the influence of other forms of karate
for the first time in over a thousand years. Some of the more notable Korean
styles are Chung Do Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Tang So Do, Chang Do Kwan, Oh Do
Kwan, Chi Do Kwan, Hapkido, Chang Mu Kwan.
Japan:
In Japan's insular years a warrior system developed the great learning
of the Samurai who was skilled in the use of many weapons and also in the
cultural arts of poetry and literature. Not until 1928, with the arrival
of Funakoshi from Okinawa did the art of karate develop. Originally, the
symbols Kara and te meant "ChineseHand" but the Japanese modified one symbol
to the word "Empty" - hTnce "empty-hand". Some of the more notable Japanese
styles are Goju Kai, Goju Ryu, Shotokan, Qua Kan, Kendo, Shito Ryu and
Wado Ryu.
China:
A wide variety of martial arts (wu-shu) developed in China's history,
including boxing (Chung-kuo chwan) and kenpo, or kung-fu. An exercise system
of passive selfdefense even less known is the soft and beautiful i Tai-chi,
developed as early as 300 BC. Tai Chi Quan is the martial art adaptation
of Tai-Chi.
Self-Defense
This school has developed a definite policy regarding the use of karate:
If you become involved in the use of karate anywhere outside this school,
you are strongly urged to notify the head instructor, furnishing all the
details.
The instructor of this school is responsible for your knowledge of
karate. Therefore, it is a sign of respect toward both your instructor
and the art, if you inform your instructor of any altercations involving
that art.
Further, having a knowledge of karate is a ' responsibility. You have
a responsibility not only to use your art wisely, but to protect the reputation
of your school and your instructor. What you do reflects his ability to
instill the proper respect for karate. He may have to defend your actions
to authorities. It is best that he hear it from you first.
Self-Defense and the Law
To what extent if any may you use karate to defend yourself? The answers
are quite complicated and naturally vary from state to state. This summary
is not intended as a legal interpretation; for this only your attorney
can assist. In general, however, we may state that generally you may defend
yourself against unlawful attack, even though the attack was not intended
to produce grievous bodily harm or death. Greer vs. State, 120 Texas Cr.
R. 21, Stinnet vs. Commonwealth of Virginia, (cca, Va. 1932) ffF (2 ed)
644. Do not forget the word generally.
As examples, let us say that as you leave practice and walk home, you
pass two men, one of whom calls you vile names and in addition includes
the female members of your family in his remarks. If you were to respond,
you would be in the wrong. Profane remarks, words, conduct, and gestures,
unaccompanied by an overt hostile act do not justify an assault. Lehman
vs. Lambert, 329 Missouri, 1147, 495. W 2 ed. 65, Hogeman vs. Arnold, 79
Montana 91, 254, p. 1070.
If however, you are then physically attacked, you generally are justified
in resisting assault with such force and such force only that is reasonably
necessary under all circumstances to prevent the continuance of harm. Cain
vs. Skillin, 219 Alabama 228, 121 So. 521 Smith vs. Drew 175 Washington
11, 26 p. (2 ed.) 1040.
You must keep in mind that the law was not made with the martial artist
in mind, but for the general public welfare. While there might come a time
when you might wish to determine the efficacy of your training by means
of response to assault, your best practice. is to walk away with pride
and confidence, realizing that, unlike the street bum, you have no need
to prove your ability to anyone.
EMPTY MIND PRINCIPLES
The principle of the empty mind is as follows: in order to learn, or perform
efficiently, and to the fullest one is able, one must totally clear his
mind of all but what he is doing at the moment. If the mind is cluttered
with more than one thing at a time, full attention to the event is lost.
If full attention is not focused on the event, not only will important
aspects of the event be lost, but also the more subtle aspects.
Any person can mimic an event grossly, accomplishing the more obvious
parts. This does not require full and total attention. But, when the mind
is empty of conflicting thought, the more subtle aspects of the event can
be observed. When one has observed both the obvious and the subtle portions
of an event, he may devote his full attention to performing his task with
a much greater chance of obtaining the best results from that task.
If the task is difficult, with many parts, one needs his fullest concentration
in order to practice the task many times. If he can complete his practice
utilizing the empty mind principle, he will have learned his task more
quickly and more completely.
Further, if one has an empty mind, one can put into practice the credo
of the UKS-if it works, use it. A full mind often means a closed mind.
If a mind is closed, it cannot readily accept the value of new and/or different
techniques.
One can use the empty mind principles in all aspects of life; and every
event of life can benefit from the use of these principles.
Power Theories
There are several elements, common to both theories, which are essential
in producing power. One must use proper breathing. This includes both with
and without a kiai. While a student is executing a technique, that student
should inhale while preparing for the technique and exhale while-executing
the technique. A kiai is just an extension of this principle. When one
exhales forcibly, one tightens one's body. This allows the body to be more
prepared to both give and receive a blow. Kiaing focuses all one's energies,
or ki, into the blow. It allows the adrenaline to flow, making the body
more "fight or flight" ready. It also has the added value of fighting your
opponent; putting him off balance momentarily.
The twisting motion of a student’s hand at the moment of impact
adds a refined
element of power. This twisting causes a snapping that indicates that
the student
has learned the proper time to change from tension to relaxation. If
he can use
this knowledge at the moment of impact, he has learned a method to
make his techniques
more powerful.
Action-reaction is another essential element necessary in producing
power. Every technique, that a karate-ka executes uses this principle.
As the technique is extended, an opposing limb pulls back with an equal
and opposite reaction. This action adds a balanced and stabilized body
to the technique.
One must add focus and control to the list. Focus is the placing of
total energy, physical, mental and spiritual into one specific spot or
target. Control is the ability to execute a technique with full power and
stop that technique whenever one pleases. An uncontrolled, unfocused technique
will not be nearly as powerful as one which lands where it is meant to,
with that portion of the body that will give the most focus to the technique.
For example, a punch which is delivered with all four knuckles to the chest
will not be nearly as powerful as a blow delivered with the first two knuckles
to the solar plexus.
All power originates from the hips. In order to gain maximum power,
the hips, which are the body's center of gravity, must be as low to the
ground as possible to allow for stable base of support. Therefore a good
strong stance is essential.
Speed is the last element necessary to produce power. If all the other
elements are present and speed is lacking, power will be lacking. In order
to produce speed, a proper balance must exist between relaxation and tension.
Speed comes from being totally relaxed until the moment of impact. At that
point the body tenses. The more relaxed one is, the faster he will be.
Techniques using the circle theory gains their power through the momentum
(speed) gained in the arching motion. Techniques using the straight line
theory gain power by moving quickly through the shortest distance between
two points, to the target.
A bullet thrown from someone's hand is obviously not nearly as powerful
as one shot from a gun. A small person who moves more quickly than a big
person can have just as powerful a technique.
Each element mentioned is an essential part of the production of power.
If just one element is not used, or not used to its fullest potential,
power will not be at its maximum.
YIN AND YANG
Yin and Yang represents an Oriental philosophy of life. The symbol representing
Yin and Yang says much in the way of explanation. Yin is dark and passive.
Yang, is light and active. The two dots indicate that one always exists
in the other. The wavy line indicates motion-keeping the harmony of life
forever flowing.
There is harmony, in all things in life. This harmony is a balance
between all opposites. If a person is having a stroke of bad luck, not
to worry, he will have good luck eventually (maybe in another life) to
balance it.
The contrast between the colors in the symbol points out how opposites
enhance one another. If it were not for bad, you would not appreciate nor
recognize good. One cannot appreciate passive unless one has been active.
The universe, including ourselves, is made up of contrasting elements
which balance and enhance each other. What would a cowboy show be without
a good guy (white) overcoming the bad (black)? The fact that victory is
so sweet comes from overcoming defeat.
Karate is also a part of this scheme. An individual karate-ka exhibits
many examples of Yin and Yang. That person may be male or female. He may
have an empty mind or a cluttered one. He may be active or passive. He
may be tense (physically or mentally) or relaxed. He may be defensive or
offensive, as in sparring, 1 or 3 steps and kata. One can go on.
The study of Yin and Yang can create a more peaceful and harmonious
life. One is more apt to accept both one's self and the universe around
him. All things in life are balanced, and all things will come to their
natural conclusion.
KOREAN AND JAPANESE TERMS
| English |
Korean |
Japanese |
|
|
|
| training hall |
dojang (doh'jawng) |
dojo (doh'joh) |
| uniform |
dobok (doh'bawk) |
gi (ghee) |
| rank below black |
gup (gup) |
kyu (kyoo) |
| black belt ranks |
dan (dawn) |
dan (dawn) |
| attention |
chario (cha'ryo) |
kio tsuke (kyo'sookay) |
| begin |
shejak (shee'jak) |
hajime (ha'juh-may) |
| stop |
goman (goh'mawn) |
yame (ya-meh') |
| form |
hyung (hyung) |
kata (ka'ta) |
| punch |
chirugi (chee-ru'gee) |
seiken-guki (say'kehn zoo'kee) |
| chop |
sudo (soo'doh) |
shuto (shoo-toh) |
| backfist |
yikwon (ee'kwan) |
uraken (oo'rah-ken) |
| block |
marki (mar'kee) |
uke (oo'kay) |
| high |
sangdan (sang'dan) |
jodan (joh'dan) |
| middle |
choongidan (choong'dawn) |
chudan (choo'dawn) |
| low |
hardan (har'dan) |
gedan (gay'dawn) |
| front kick |
ap-chagi (awp chaw'gee) |
mae-geri (ma-eh geh-ree) |
| side kick |
yop-chagi (yohp cha'gee) |
yoko-geri (yoh'koh geh'ree) |
| round kick |
tolyo-chagi (tohl'yo chaw'gee) |
mawashi-geri (ma-wash'ee geh'ree) |
| 1-step sparring |
ilbo daeryon (sam'bo daw'ryohn) |
ippon kumite (san'bohn koo'mee-tay) |
| 3-step sparring |
sambo daeryon (sam'bo daw'ryohn) |
sanbon kumite (san'bohn koo'mee-tay) |
| free sparring |
jayoo daeryon (jay'oo daw'ryohn) |
jiyu kumite (jee'yoo koo'mee-tay) |
| one |
cho (choh) |
ichi (ee-chi) |
| two |
yi (ee) |
ni (nee) |
| three |
sam (sam) |
san (san) |
| four |
sa (sa) |
shi (shee) |
| five |
oh (oh) |
go (goh) |
| six |
yook (yook) |
roku (roh'kuh) |
| seven |
chil (chilll) |
shichi (shee'chee) |
| eight |
pal (pal) |
hachi (ha'chee) |
| nine |
koo (koo) |
ku (koo) |
| ten |
ship (ship) |
ju (joo) |
| first |
oho (o'ho) |
sho (show) |
| fourth |
sah (sah) |
yon (yawn) |
| Killing Points |
Breaking Points |
Pressure Points |
| 1.top of forehead |
skull |
middle of cheek |
| 2.eyes |
jaw |
behind jaw point |
| 3.bridge of nose |
clavicle |
in hollow of ear |
| 4.philtrum |
hand, fingers |
around windpipe |
| 5.temple |
arm: upper, lower |
heart |
| 6.throat |
ribs |
between clavicle and large muscle |
| 7.heart |
hip |
inner elbow |
| 8.solar plexus |
leg: upper, lower |
outer elbow |
| 9.groin |
foot, toes |
inside large muscle on upper arm |
| 10.spine-7th vert. or above |
spine |
between knuckles |
STRIKING POINTS OF THE HAND
First two knuckles ridge hand knife edge finger attacks chicken beak bear
claw thumb knuckle chicken neck hammer fist middle knuckle last two knuckles
all four knuckles palm heel back of the open hand
STRIKING POINTS OF THE FOOT
heel ball knife edge inside edge instep toes flat of the foot
ASIAN FIGHTING ARTS
Give brief history including origin, distinctive characteristics, and state
of things today on both the 'arts' and 'weapons' listed below. Further,
include at least one page specifically on your weapon. You must research
at least two other references on your weapon and list those references.
No less than 5 pages.
| Arts |
Weapons |
| Aikido |
Bo |
| Judo |
Nunchacku |
| Jujutsu |
Sai |
| Karate |
Shuriken |
| Kung-fu |
|
| Savate |
|
| Shaolin |
|
|
|
