Is Political Propaganda and Bias in the News?

             The time is now 11 O’ Clock PM and you turn it to ABC to see what has happened in the news today.  You hear that President George W. Bush will be in Ohio in two days and that everyone is able to attend.  “When President Bush makes his speech, he will talk about the economy, Iraq, weapons of mass destruction, and taxes,” said the news anchor.  But one man takes it upon himself to give the news in a different fashion.  John Stewart hosts his show, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart on Comedy Central every weekday night at the same time as the 11 O’ Clock news on local stations.  Jon Stewart’s show is politically biased and has propaganda in his show.

             Jon Stewart has won an Emmy Award two years in a row for his show (Wayne, 2004).  On Stewart’s show, he insults all Conservatives by claiming if they are a Conservative, they are pathetic.  Stewart is a democrat and proud to be one in which he states in his book called The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction (Stewart, 2004).  Stewart’s show is like a joke.  He’ll tell the news how it supposed to be, and then tell the punch line.  For example he had a guest anchor on his show in March named Lewis Black who was talking about on air decency.  “House of Representatives Bill 3687, which seeks to expand the definition of profanity in TV and Radio broadcasts,” (Black, 2004) He then goes on to his punch line and in which he says, “Now of course I can’t say these words on the show, but in the interest of keeping you informed, I think I’ve figured out a way to tell you what they are.  The first one is a donkey and the second one is where a rabbit lives,” (Black, 2004).  He is pretty much saying that the government is wasting it’s time on these bills because we will always find a way around them.  The propaganda is that the government is wasting it’s time on passing bills such as this one.  Somebody will find away around it and expose it to people in mass quantities. 

             Stewart picks out the flaws of all republicans and defends democrats.  For example, back in December of 2002, Senate Majority Leader Democrat Trent Lot made this comment to Senator Strom Thurmond on his 100th Birthday.

 

            

Real Men Watch Real News

By Tommy Crawford

            

                                              Introduction

In today’s society, we rely heavily upon the news and other forms of televised communication, especially around election time. Many citizens use television and the media as their main source of information. The problem with this is that television and news stations tend to place their own personal slant on the “truth”. This may be due to the fact that there is no concrete law against false news. Also, many stations are owned by major corporations, such as Time Warner, AOL, and Disney and the content of these news stations depends upon the decisions of the executives of these businesses. Many citizens do not know that independent journalism is compromised due to corporate ownership. Many Americans also do not take the time to learn the skills to separate quality news from propaganda. As a generation growing up in the age of the information super-highway, it is essential that we develop this skill. As a group we have decided to concentrate our efforts on detecting bias in the news.  Our newsletter contains articles dealing with the content of CNN, NBC, and other major stations. We have also included a piece on how to detect bias, to further educate other young Americans concerned about media content.

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"I want to say this about my state: When Strom Thurmond ran for
president, we voted for him. We're proud of it. And if the rest of the country had followed our lead, we wouldn't have had all these problems over all these years, either."
(Baker, 2002)

             The day after this comment was made; Lott made an apology on Crossfire, a program on the Cable News Network (CNN) and resigned the next day from the Senate.  Stewart completely made a mockery of it by imitating the interview.  On Crossfire, Lott mumbled trying to make sure he said the right words in order not to offend anybody like his comment did to Strom Thurmond.  Stewart mumbled for about two minutes while the audience laughed at him (Stewart, 2002). 

             The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is very biased and the propaganda is present to the max.  These are just examples of ways democrats use the media to distribute propaganda and make sure that it’s biased in their favor.  Though this show is intended to be comedic, people take this show very seriously and do not realize that majority of the stuff Jon Stewart does is just a mockery of real news.  Too many people in society use Jon Stewart as their main news source.  This just creates biased people who spread propaganda instead of living together as, “One nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.” (Bellamy)

 

       In the news before and during the presidential election, certain news groups seemed like they couldn’t help but put their views on other people.  News stations used propaganda to help promote the other candidate.  Take this year for example many news groups spit out the words of the draft being reinstated if George W. Bush gets re-elected.  That is a good example of propaganda.
     There is also bias in the larger news stations, such as NBC.  Rush Limbaugh, for example, is an anchor for a NBC news radio station and he is very biased. Rush Limbaugh proposes his views upon the listeners and if they don’t agree with him than they are in the wrong.
       Any news group that uses information that could be a little true and twists it to influence opinions is guilty of propaganda.  Propaganda is pretty much blowing things out of proportion, and with this election I have seen that many news channels have blown things out of proportion.  For instance, the swift boat veterans commercials aimed at John Kerry for what he said happened in Vietnam. The commercials, and even some of the news pieces, were all one sided using propaganda to make John Kerry out to be the bad guy. To the news stations who are guilty of using propaganda and bias: could you please let me make up my

own mind about big issues? Your job is to report the news, not to change people’s minds and their views.

Can someone decide for me?

             As a group we administered a survey to 250 Bowling Green State University students. These students were voluntary participants belonging to a Political Science course and a English 200 Literature course. The students were asked a series of questions regarding the media during the past election. Below are the results of that poll in chart form.

By Mark Christie

Political Bias and Propaganda Poll

             The way in which one translates information is dependent on several different factors.  Whether these factors are ethnic background, social upbringing, or a certain traumatic event, the past will always affect the way an individual will interpret fact.  Knowing this, bias in the media is something that is practically inevitable.  Even if a certain news company does not try maliciously to bend the truth and honestly attempts to give nothing but the facts --- there will probably still be some sort of bias in the way the news is presented.  This is not something that is going to stop, it is virtually impossible to avoid.  So it is up to the viewer to critically examine the presented news and be able to pick out the areas of bias.

             There are several media strategies that are used in the news to create bias.  All of these are rather subliminal and are difficult to detect.  One strategy is for a writer to leave out a few important details or chose only to state some of the facts: “Bias through selection and omission” (Intermedia, 1995, ¶ 2).  By doing this, an author is easily able to influence the opinion of the audience in his or her favor.  Another tactic used is “Bias through placement,” which is the creative organization of a newspaper, television, or radio show (Media Awareness Network, 2004, ¶ 5).  By placing a story in the back of the paper or late in a program signifies a decreased importance of the story which an editor, writer, or producer could use to his advantage.

A third approach used in creating bias is “Bias by photos, captions and camera angles” (Media Awareness Network, 2004, ¶ 7).  When a writer is creating an article layout or if an editor is creating a news video package, they will, in general, use appealing pictures or shots of public figures – unless, of course, they are inserting opinion in their news piece.  Rather than using a picture that is easy on the eye, a writer or editor may use an embarrassing or unflattering photo to portray someone or something in a negative light.

Words choice plays a huge role in newspaper and magazine articles, and rearranging words is usually an incredibly effective way to create bias.  Whether it is in the headline or in the middle of an article, writers will change the tone of wording to either increase or decrease public resonance.  This strategy is known as “Bias by choice of words” (Intermedia, 1995, ¶ 7).

             A lack of diversity is another way writers create bias.  It is crucial to identify the subject audience if a poll is taken or testimonial is used.  A lack of diversity in a subject audience usually signals bias or even underlying stereotypical tones (FAIR, 2000, ¶ 4).

             It is shocking how easily a writer can insert opinion or bias into his or her news article.  But what is even more surprising is the inability to control this.  Bias in the media is so effective but yet so small it is sometimes unnoticeable, and in many cases, bias is inserted not on purpose, but by accident.  So it is our responsibility as media subscribers and viewers to control our media.  By identifying some ways in which the media tries to sway us, we become better critical analysts of the information that is fed to us.

Don’t be fooled! Identify bias in the Media for Yourself

By Ryan Emerson



            

                                                          Conclusion

As you can see from our survey of Bowling Green students, many agree that bias and propaganda were present in the news media during the election season. As a group, we believe that bias is found far too often, especially in some of today’s major media outlets. We also believe that it is important for the young citizens of America to be armed with tools to detect bias, especially during an election year. We hope that this newsletter was both intriguing and educational. Our main goal, however, was to stimulate thought amongst people. We believe citizens should stop sitting around idly absorbing media messages. Now is the time

to challenge and ask questions to avoid bias.



Credits

Articles: Ryan Emerson, Kiylise Crutchfield, Tommy Crawford, Mark Christie

Group Leader/Survey Compiler/Editor: Shandrea Edwards

Introduction/Conclusion: Ryan Crecelius and Shandrea Edwards


 

Works Cited

 

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             [Pamphlet] Rome, New York: Francis Bellamy

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Retrieved Novebmer 4, 2004, from http://www.

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