"Does the Spotlight Ever Turn Off?"

Our group decided to look into the effect the starts have on the media and vice versa. There is a love-hate relationship between the media and the stars. Sometimes they are best friends of each other, other times they are worst enemies. We looked at some of the different areas and types of media involvement. We also saw that the stars use the media in different ways. Some of the bigger stars are also the ones that know how to use the media to their advantage the most.



"The Negative Effects of Media in Celebrity's Lives" by Austin Bland

What do you think about when you think of celebrities? Most people envoy the lives of celebrities because of their fame and fortune. But there is another side of being a celebrity that isn’t so glamorous. The Pavarotti never lets the stars live normal lives. There are everywhere that they go, no matter what the occasion is. People are so interested in their lives that they will go anywhere or do everything that is necessary to get information about people. If they can’t find anything out about them then they simply make things up.

Magazines like the Globe, National Enquirer, and Star magazine make up fictitious information about celebrities so that their magazines sell. There are thousands of reports of the Pavarotti sitting outside celebrity’s homes waiting for them to leave so that they can follow them around all day. It is pretty much impossible for stars to have to good time out on the town without everyone wanting to take a picture of them or try to get their autograph. Sure the stars love the fact that they have fans but it is extremely frustrating to them that they are always the center of attention. It got so bad with Princess Diana that she had to run from the Pavarotti at such a high speed that she was killed. There needs to be a place where they cross the line and in most cases the line does get crossed.


"Brainwashing Qualities of Celebrity Exploitation" by Angela Bourdeau

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Exploitation of celebrities is a product of a focus upon image. An archetypical image is formed for a specific type of ideal, and the celebrity is fit into this mold of pseudo perfection. The public willingly focuses upon a celebrity's desired qualities without considering the true nature of the individual underneath that image. Perhaps this is warranted, as the celebrity is merely all they are perceived to be. More likely, they are quite a lot more, with characteristics of intellect and emotion that should, yet will never be, given credit. These characteristics may be a good thing, may be something the celebrity hopes and wishes to one day set forth upon the world, but perhaps these characteristics are a negative thing instead. Perhaps the celebrity is not the victim of exploitation, but instead is the driving force of their own media machine of superficiality.

In the satire Glamorama, where celebrity names are thrown around as frequently as adjectives, Bret Easton Ellis utilizes his penchant for detail to outline a story of supermodels turned terrorists. It begins with main character Victor Ward, another narcissistic Ellis character, as a model turned actor that treats those around him as the inferior miscreants he believes them to be.

Soon, Victor ends up in a group of models turned terrorists who bomb major hotels and other centers of popular culture, all the while wearing the most respectable and up to date fashions. As they take revenge on the culture from which they spawned, the troupe still behaves as one would expect a group so superficial and deviant; immature, superficial, and banal, yet all with an air of cool that makes it somewhat excusable. To make his semi-abduction at the hands of these model terrorists situation less traumatic, Victor views it as a movie he is shooting, complete with hallucinations of scripts and camera crews. This, and the use of stereotypical celebrity automations, proves as a satirical element that seems to communicate an agenda to criticize Hollywood and modern political culture from being steeped and based around superficiality, greed, and vanity. Through its use of stereotypes, it reveals how everyday people will admire, follow, and do anything for the celebrity, whether or not they know the true nature of who that person may be. In this case, that person may very well be a cold confused terrorist, which is a very insignificant detail for a public with such a yearn for something to emulate and exploit.

A story with a similar theme to this one is outlined in the 2001 film Zoolander, in which a long string of male models are turned into assassins. They turn to be a perfect product, a fact that is revealed to protagonist Derek, by J.P. Prewitt, a former hand model that escaped his terrorist fate, as he is merely a hand model, and therefore is not subject to the extent of celebrity that of a regular model. His past sheds light on what happens to Derek, as he had escaped his fate of assassination, by explaining the situation to the unknowing model;

A book “The fashion industry has been behind every major political assassination over the last two hundred years -- and behind every hit a card carrying male model. … Think about it Derek. Male models are genetically constructed to become assassins. They're in peak physical condition. They can gain entry into the most secure places in the world. And most important of all, models don't think for themselves. They do as they're told."

Here, Prewitt articulates why a model would be an ideal subject to carry out deviant acts, especially in the area of destruction. Many are willing to subject themselves to exploitation, to the point that they will believe anything that may accomplish such an occurrence. In the case of this film and the novel, celebrities are utilized for their stereotypical image of stupidity, feeding their egos and taking advantage of the element of fame. Here, models are able to be used because the models themselves are easily brainwashed into doing anything to keep their status, and the public is brainwashed to never respect the celebrity’s intelligence enough to ever suspect he or she of such a complex and heinous deed.

In the beginning, fame seems as if it will prove to be a wonderful thing. It is obvious that it places focus upon image, and that legions of adoring fans are lured by the promise of worshiping beauty, affluence, and sociability. Celebrities willingly subject themselves to their job, as they agree with the lifestyle they see as fans in the beginning. In the beginning, this lifestyle of willing exploitation may seem positive, but it can eventually lead to the negative elements articulated in these examples, with the brainwashing of the public as well as the celebrity. The celebrity may become too dependent upon those around them, and too dependent on their image to the public, much to the point that they may lose the capability to make rational decisions in their everyday life. Much to the point of becoming a terrorist, a criminal the public would never suspect while paying attention to small details of the fantasy that is fame. Celebrity exploitation is a tool that dehumanizes the celebrity and makes them seem incapable as well as unaware of large events, making them ideal for deviant actions. Indeed, they may very well have been unknowingly convinced of such things themselves, perhaps to the extent of being brainwashed to be criminals. This may not occur to the same level in everyday life, but the model turned terrorist is most certainly an analogous example of the dire and often extreme consequences of celebrity exploitation.



"Televisions Negative Effect on Celebrities" by Patrick Boyle

A book Television has always had an effect on celebrities. Over the past decade television has come up with some new TV shows to exploit the personal lives of celebrities. These new shows are showing what celebrities are really like. Not just what they are like when they are in front of a camera, but when they are not on the job and out in the real world. Some people may be shocked by the way some of these celebrities act, not remembering that celebrities are normal people as well.

Throughout the past couple years there has been shows such as “Celebrities Uncensored”, “Extra”, and “Access Hollywood” that have been portraying the lives of celebrities. Some of the publicity is good, and some is bad. Society today has this view that celebrities are such good people all the time and that they should not make mistakes. But, celebrities are just like anyone else in this world. It has become some what of a trend by the media to try and take advantage of the fact that celebrities make mistakes and have problems just like anyone else. For example, the TV show “Celebrities Uncensored”, has been showing clips of celebrities coming drunk out of night clubs, getting into fights with the media, leaving the clubs with an unknown man or women, and many other scenarios. The TV shows are acting like it is not ok for celebrities to act this way. But, why are they not allowed doing these things? Just because they are celebrities’ people expect them to act like they do not have normal personal lives. It is shows like “Celebrities Uncensored” that shed bad light on to celebrities.

The TV shows are not stopping though. Magazines like the National Enquirer are now trying to put out television shows. “American Media, publisher of National Enquirer, Star and other tabloids and magazines, is planning to take its staple celebrity-gossip format to television” (Hoag, 2003). Looks like celebrities will not be getting a break from the lime light anytime soon. If the rumors were not bad enough from the National Enquirer magazine, just imagine what the TV show is going to be like. When celebrities see these accusations in magazines and on TV shows, they have to wonder what people are thinking about them. To have something said about you that is not true can not be a good feeling. Celebrities feel the same way anyone else does. They do not want rumors flying around about them that are not true. But, that is what the public wants to see. The public needs something new to gossip about. It does not matter if it is true or not, if it is a new story people will not care if it is the truth.

As long as there are TV shows like “Celebrities Uncensored”, “Extra” and “Access Hollywood” there will always be negative publicity about celebrities on television. Because that is what the public wants to see. They want to know that celebrities make mistakes also. The fact is that TV shows about celebrities personal lives are not going to go away. Even though they may be unfair to the celebrities themselves sometimes, that is just the way it goes.


"The Exploitation of child celebrities" by Dustin Brandt

A book

When an individual takes their first step into the limelight, the portrayal of their self image is no longer in their control, but in the control of the media. The “child” has been transformed through media storytelling into a different kind of political celebrity. The success of which depends on factors like whether the child’s ethnicity, age, status in hierarchy, and physical attractiveness will be palatable to the general American public. This ultimately determines if they are “worthy” of the spotlight which they so desperately try to obtain. Some of these young celebrities immediately fail, others will persist in their child fame, slowly becoming a doll in which is controlled and manipulated by the public eye. These children are the ones who really feel the effects of media stardom through the paparazzi, and in turn produce psychological and physical health issues as they develop into adulthood.

At the beginning of a stars career media attention helps them receive public recognition. Just the same negative press can kill a celebrity’s career, especially after the establishment of gossip columnists, which servers as a mediator between celebrities and the public. It is especially difficult for children stars to deal with this sudden public interest. They are now faced with paparazzi following their every move taking pictures of them from the back seat of their strategically placed cars trying to get the latest in the glamour of young celebrity life. This of course, reflects the changing nature of celebrity. People used to be famous for doing something. Now they can grab tabloid attention by having hair extensions or by being at a certain restaurant. It is for this reason that life in the spotlight can quickly grow tiresome and frustrating for these young teens, which in the end are flooded with light and blinded from the realities of the world.

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Receiving public attention can make a star feel personally unworthy of criticism, as well as out of control of their careers. Unconditional love or blind hate from fans gives stars a skewed sense of who they are, and causes problems for them in their personal lives. This is especially dangerous for young stars because they often get an exaggerated sense of self-importance through their fans and media attention they receive. Unlike older celebrities these kids have had no previous connections or friendships, which in turn have them constantly questioning the motives of friends. This quote from Marlin Monroe sums up this whole issue when she said, "I knew I belonged to the public and the world, not because I was talented or even beautiful, but because I had never belonged to anything or anyone else."

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The pressures that celebrities feel from being under constant scrutiny can often lead to self-destructive behavior. This is especially true for children celebrities who are suddenly confronted with public disinterest. Many ex-child stars turn to drugs or alcohol in the wake of their stardom. Bob Watson who is an ex-child star himself says “unless you have someone who loves you and will help you get through it, you’ve got a serious problem.” This is an interesting statement when reflecting on some past childhood stars, one which strongly stands out is Michael Jackson. He was not only a childhood star with a numerous media reviews, but also had an abusive father. Maybe it’s not so strange for him to be compelled by other children, after all he really had no childhood himself. Women child stars are faced with another form of addiction placed upon them by the media. That is the addiction for the perfect body; many feel pressure from the high standards placed upon them by their celebrity status which often turns them to bulimia or anorexia. Tracey Gold from growing pains developed anorexia after being put under public scrutiny. She had almost starved herself to death to achieve the “perfect body”, but unlike Michael her family and friends helped her over come her addiction.

You can’t fault these teens for rushing towards the spotlight; we swarm them with agents and contacting producers who often cast blinding truths about celebrity life upon them. By the time these kid realize what they have gotten into they have already been gobbled up by the media hype which in turn can lead and destroy their life. Being chased by paparazzi, having psychological and health problems are certainly not what the doctor ordered so to speak when they entered the entertainment business.


"How the Media Affects the Lives of Famous Children" by Chris Brettl

Why do people feel the need to know what goes on in the lives of famous people? I believe that the answer to that question is that people like to know that the lives of famous people are just like every normal person’s life. It makes people feel better to know that famous people have problems too.

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In this information needy world today, many people like to follow the lives of famous people. Sometimes in the quest of retrieving information the media can get a little carried away. Prying into the depths of their personal lives. It’s normal for adults who are famous to be followed around by the media, but I feel that it’s really sad and pathetic when children who are famous are exploited by the media. There are many children that have been exploited by the media because of their roles on t.v. shows or movies. Some of those people are Macaulay Culkin, Gary Coleman, Shirley Temple, Emmanule Lewis and Todd Bridges.

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One of the children that come to mind when I talk about lives of famous children is Macaulay Culkin. He is the biggest child star since Shirley temple. His life has been exploited by the media since his first movie “Home Alone”. The exploitation has ranged from the custody battle between his parents to the burnout break in his acting career in 1998. His life was constantly being watched by the media, just because people feel the need to see what happens in famous peoples’ lives.

It is because of the constant media coverage on the lives of child stars that drive them to the end of their career. If there is something that is a personal affair that gets leaked because of the media that child could be emotionally scared because it’s no one else’s business but theirs. The media should not be allowed to release information about child stars that would be detrimental to their career.



Aaron Burkhardt - "How celebrities play the media"

A book How many times have you been to the supermarket? I would be guessing quite a few. Well while your in line to check out you have undoubtedly seen this infamous “supermarket tabloids”. Ever wondering if those paparazzi just got the jump on those famous people or whether it is a carefully staged event in order for said star to perpetuate their image that much more. The most recent example would have to be Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez, if you haven’t heard about them you must be living under a rock. For a while it seemed like anyone and everyone heard about their little doings. Some might say that it is an invasion of their privacy and other things along those lines, however there are others who think they Ben and Jen caused this media hype themselves. They used the media for there advantage in order to get coverage, to get people to pay attention to themselves, and to get people to go see a movie that, well it sucked. This isn’t an invasion of their privacy; this is in fact them using other people to do their jobs. Their job is to be in the spotlight. They more they do it the bigger they are. MSN Entertainment (2003) reports that Madonna felt that “Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck share some blame for the excessive media attention that caused them to postpone their wedding last month” she later goes on to say that the media is part of their job.

A book So how does one tell if the celebrities are in fact being violated or just doing their jobs? After all, most of them are actors, people that are able to play different roles and make people belief things that aren’t real. Who’s to say that when you see them on shows like Celebrities Uncensored that they aren’t just showing you something they came up with, in order to project a certain type of image. An image that helps them get jobs in types of roles. A recent example would be Paris Hilton, she isn’t really all that famous. She doesn’t do movies or modeling, she is the daughter of the hotel owner. However she uses the media to get her picture in anything and everything that would but her in it. It seems more like a marketing ploy then anything else. Like a writer distributing manuscripts of something he wrote. The actor or actress could be sort of showing off what he or she can do. It makes sense and would be a powerful way to get a lot of people to see you. That being said, in no way does that imply that every single person out there getting shot by the paparazzi is in fact acting. Some of those people really are out of control or really drunk or just in the wrong place at the wrong time. They do have their privacy violated, I’m just suggesting that it might not be all the time or even as often as you think. It could just be a carefully orchestrated act.


“Stop following me!” by Michael Burtch II

A book

Famous people have fanatics all of over the world. Some take the act of being fond of a celebrity much further than is necessary; these people are stalkers. Although, stalkers are a common occurrence in celebrities’ lives, some people go further than others do.

One of the famous occurrences of stalking is the case of Mark David Chapman who killed musician John Lennon on December 8, 1980. B.M. Morrison (1997) tells the story of that night. Lennon was exiting his apartment building with his wife one night and was shot by Chapman with five gunshots. According to Morrison (1997), Chapman reported to have said, “I was making a statement… Lennon became my new identity.” John Lennon and his music fascinated him so much that he went to the extreme.

John Lennon is one of multiple incidents, in which an obsessive fan killed a celebrity. In an article of Crime Magazine, Bill Kelly (2003) tells how Rebecca Schaffer’s stalker took his passion to the extreme. Rebecca Schaffer, star of the television series, “My Sister Sam,” had a homeless person follow her from Arizona to Hollywood. He did anything possible to find out where she lived. According to Kelly, he went up and down the street showing her picture asking people if they knew where she lived. He ended up paying a private detective $250 to get the information he was looking for. He took the information and went up to her house. Reports say when she opened the door he shot her.

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One of Madonna’s stalkers was also a homeless man. Kelly (2003) says the man “… scaled the walls of her Hollywood Hill estate and left notes on her door. He threatened to cut her throat if she didn’t marry her.” In 1982, Theresa Saldana had a problem with a hostile extremist. Arthur Jackson stabbed her 10 times. He said Jackson “claimed he was on a divine mission to send the actress to heaven.”

Not all the stalkers are common people. According to John Raedler (1997) of CNN, celebrities also blame the media for instances of stalking. Some are “legalized stalkers” who are often members of the press. “Sylvester Stallone pointed an accusing finger at the paparazzi.” Not only him, but also others have done that as well. One of the most famous instances of the paparazzi following someone was the story of Princess Diana. According to coverups.com (1997), the car accident that killed the press who was following them as they drove down the highway caused the princess, along with a couple of her friends.

As seen, celebrities are followed around by many; the stalker can be anywhere from a middle class citizen to a homeless person. Most of the time, the person’s intentions are harmless. However, there are the instances which people take it to the extreme and injure or even kill the person.


"Life before and after the spotlight" by Monica Caruso

It’s hard being an ordinary person living a basic life day to day. To us, everything is a task. Waking up, going to work, and getting home to live our family lives. But imagine having someone watching your every move while you are walking your dog, taking a daily run or doing the simplest everyday errands. That is in fact the life of a celebrity, but was it always like that for these Hollywood millionaires? A book

Of course not. Life before the spotlight was much like the lives of the everyday average individual. At one point, everything in their lives was a task as well. For instance, let’s look at some of our recent pop star legends. Britany Spears for instance wasn’t always living the high life. "It was not unheard of for the Spears children to wear hand-me-down clothes.” “It's kind of one of those things where you know it, you just don't talk about it" (Sims). Most celebrities that we know of today were slumming it before they were able to hit it big. Everyone hears how today’s rappers sing about how their lives were full of crime and poverty before they became stars and what they rap about may just be the life story of all the celebrities we are familiar with. Some celebrities are usually more than willing to open up and reveal their hardships, which can sound like whining after they've made it big, nevertheless, how often is it that stars are willing to allow the public to know of their lives before the spotlight grew bright?

A book So once they have made it big, it is obvious to them and everyone else that perhaps one day they will come off the pedestal of America and become yet again just part of the public (Grayer). However there will be of course a major difference. They were once powerful, rich, and famous. Celebrities that lived a life of normalcy often find themselves like a deer in headlights once their fame begins to actually set in (Grayer). Sometimes once they realize exactly what’s going on around them, it’s too late. Their fame has subsided and they are no longer cherished and loved by the media and the public. How do they deal with such a transformation?

For many celebrities, they must assimilate back into the culture as they knew it before they were stars. Doing the everyday chores may never again become part of their lifestyle but accepting that they are no longer the center of the spotlight is another part of life that they need to get back to. If it weren’t for their fame and fortune, these celebs would have never had the chance to live the high life, but once their finished, was it all worth it?


"Stardom: A Command of the Media" by Daniel Castillo

A book Though the media is often used to exploit and speculate amongst celebrities across the nation, some celebrities have found a way to utilize different forms of mass media to convey their beliefs on specific issues, demonstrating a worthy cause in an attempt to gain public support. These causes are often related to political, social, and environmental issues, and are often set into motion largely because of the popularity and familiarity associated with celebrities. Fame allows each celebrity with a cause to become a fortified activist if their cause is worthy of being at least partially widely accepted. The main difference between an ordinary activist and a celebrity activist is the preemptive sense of identification with the public that the celebrity gains, which ultimately translates into power. Unfortunately for celebrities, this sense of identification is not always positive. This issue can be taken to both extremes; parts of the public could either identify the celebrity as a person that they like and trust, or one that they dislike and distrust. The successful gain of support for their cause can be fundamentally reduced to how well they are liked and accepted by the public.


A book One of the most recent examples of celebrity activism is Arnold Schwarzenegger in his campaign and triumph for the position of Governor of California. “Arnold Schwarzenegger’s movie career may be on hold, but the fame he gained from years as a Hollywood Superstar should continue paying dividends for him as Governor.” (Puzzanghera & Nissenbaum, 2003) Though Schwarzenegger has been involved in many films, he is best known for his roles in action/hero-type films, in which he generally plays the role of an immovable protector and fighter. Could this affect how we perceive him to be in real life? Yes, studies show that the role an actor plays is identified with the actor themselves, specifically if they tend to play the same type of characters in their other works. It seems that Schwarzenegger has projected the image of a strict protector in his films, and successfully translated this projection over to his real life. Whether he actually is a protector or not, he will continue to be perceived as so until the public is provided with evidence suggesting otherwise.


Other examples of celebrity activism include British Rockers Coldplay, in their global fight for fair trade practices, and music composer Moby, in his _expression of democratic global issues and pro-vegan views. You would be surprised to find out exactly how often celebrities use the media to their advantage; from promoting the sales of their upcoming records or movies to the promotion of their political views, celebrities are simply smarter than some people give them credit for.


As you can see there are many plus and minuses of the media's relationship with the stars. They seemed to be joined at the hip though, as one cannot exist without the other. While sometimes the media might became a little bit obtrusive, deep down the celebrities know, they need them.

Works Cited.

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