Chemistry 128 -- General Chemistry Laboratory
Fall 2003
Syllabus
- Chemistry 128 (1 credit)
- Sections: 9:30- 12:20 Friday or 1:30 - 4:20 Friday
- Attendance is required and there are no provisions for make-up labs.
- Medical excuses and other formal absences must be approved by Dr. Endres.
Instructors:
- Dr. Paul F. Endres
- Overman 152, endres@bgnet.bgsu.edu , 419-372-8744
- Office Hours 9:30-10:30 Mon, Wed. and 10:30-11:30 Tues and Thur.
- Teaching Assistants
- Leigh Boyer
- Jing Hong
- Ali Mokad
Textbook:
- The documents for the first two experiments will be distributed in Chem. 127 class on August 27 and will be available on-line. The other experiments will appear in a booklet written for the course and sold in the University book store. You will be informed when this booklet is available.
- You are expected to read and study each experiment before showing up for lab.
On-Line Course Information:
- We hope to have most of the experiments available on line at
- Course material may shift to Blackboard as I get some details worked out.
- This Web / Blackboard based information will vary-- some is simply a copy of printed material while other experiments will have step by step tutorial materials. Supplementary material will be available if you would like to follow up on a topic. We will often collect data and post results.
- Note: The Web / Blackboard site will be considered as the official course information site and you are asked to consult it regularly. The sequence of experiments may change and we may make other modifications throughout the semester. The Web will also contain up to date grading information, allowing you to determine where you stand with respect to your grade in the course.
Notebook:
- We require that you maintain a (blank) notebook for recording your laboratory work.. It will remain in the lab and it will be graded by your instructor. A bound notebook (often labeled a composition book) is preferred but spiral bound is acceptable. This notebook is to be devoted to this course.
- You will be given additional instructions on what we expect in this notebook.
Grades:
- This is a graded laboratory course. (Chem 125 combined lecture and laboratory grades, but Chem 128 is treated as a separate course.) While we will try to coordinate laboratory work with what is covered in lecture, the two courses are separate and the subject matter will often be different. Grades will be based on
- a) your laboratory reports and notebook (about 65%)
- b) pre-lab exercises (when assigned) or other evidence of advance preparation for lab (about 15%)
- d) quizzes in lab (not announced) (about 10%)
- e) a laboratory exam at the end of the course (about 10%)
- The course does not use a fixed numerical grade scale. We will keep a current grading scale posted on the Web site (see above.)
Schedule of Experiments
This schedule is subject to change.
-
1. August 29
- Check In and Spectroscopy
- 2. September 5
- 3 September 12
- 4. September 19
- 5. September 26
- 6. October 3
- Equilibrium
- (Fall Break includes October 10)
- 7. October 17
- 8. October 24
- 9. October 31
- Photography and Imaging Methods (celebrate Halloween
- 10. November 7 pH and Buffers, Acid Base Titration Curves
- 11. November 14
- Qualitative Analysis; Separations based on Solubility
- 12. November 21
- Qualitative Analysis, continued
- November 28 is during Thanksgiving Break
- 14. December 5
- 15. December 12
- Checkout / Lab Final
- week of December 16 -- final exam week, no lab
Comments:
This semester is part of process of making serious changes in the laboratory content. Many of the experiments were introduced in 2002 and a few are new this year. We are developing new laboratory instruments and the use of computers to collect and analyze data. Many of the experiments will be organized around work in small groups and you are encouraged to work together. Many of the experiments will be accompanied by on line computer tutorials.
In one sense the course itself is still an experiment. We will make every effort to provide complete notes and to have supplies and equipment ready for use. We will not have the advantage of having worked through these experiments for several years, so there will be some "bugs" from time to time. You've already seen one aspect of this, with a delay in the availability of the lab notes.
We will ask you to help us assess the content and to provide feedback. This will generally be done anonymously although you should free to discuss the course with the instructors.
- Philosophy behind the organization
One reason for the reorganization is to show more clearly what chemists actually do in their laboratories today. This should also apply reasonably well to laboratory work in many related fields-- biology , environmental science, medical technology, materials science. We've focused on several generic tasks and tried to select experiments that illustrate each type of activity:
-
A. Chemical Synthesis -- making chemical compounds from readily available materials.
- this includes making new compounds (e.g.,, new drugs) or
- producing large quantities of useful compounds from available resources.
-
B. Separations -- Isolating materials from real world complex mixtures
- isolating natural products like caffeine from plant material
- extracting valuable minerals from low grade ores
- methods of purifying compounds.
- Analytical chemists often must separate mixtures before they can analyze for a specific species
-
C. Chemical Analysis-- tools for determining what is in a sample
- structural -- how to determine the molecular formula of a pure species
- qualitative-- determining how much of a given species is in a sample
- qualitative-- finding what compounds are present and absent in a mixture
-
D. Physical and Chemical properties of Compounds and Simple Solutions
- determining the physical properties of a pure substance
- determining the reactions that a chemical compound undergoes
-
E. Formulation and Commercial Products
- How simple compounds can be combined to make useful products
- (example, photography, paints, plastics, ....)
The lab also is designed to illustrate how modern scientists work. The classical laboratory, based mainly on beakers and Bunsen burners is a thing of the past. Most laboratories are well equipped with a wide range of chemical instruments. It's not uncommon for a laboratory project to involve $500,000 or more in set up costs. Of course, it's unrealistic to provide you with resources on that scale. We try to provide simpler (O.K., cheaper) instruments that are still representative of the instruments that are critical to modern science. This includes a range of electronic sensors for chemical species, instruments to separate complex mixtures, fast methods of chemical analysis and the use of computers in recording and studying experimental data.
We also would like the lab work to explore the logic of experimental work.
- how experiments are designed (and redesigned) to answer specific problems
- how to critically evaluate measurements
- how to be confident of the logic used in reaching conclusions
- how to properly report the results of experimental work
It's also desirable to see how experimental work is incorporated into the more formal and theoretical framework that is part of a field like chemistry.
This is not that easy to meet all of these goals and still package each experiment to fit into a 2-3 hr time block. The experiments can't be too demanding on time or too complex to work reliably. Truly open ended experiments can pose safety risks and are unlikely to function successfully in the 2-3 hour time constraint.
The laboratory format will vary as we attempt to meet as many of our goals as possible. Some experiments, like chemical synthesis take the form of a single process and you will do this as individuals. Other experiments, like spectroscopy are really 4-8 mini-experiments on a central theme and you will work in small teams. Another type of experiment (like titration and kinetics) has several different experiments going on at one time. You will work on one project, but will have the chance to see several closely related experiments in operation.
Finally, we hope that this experience will be enjoyable as well as educational. It is possible -- on last year's assessment questionnaires the term ""fun" was selected more often than any other single descriptor. Relax and enjoy the experience.
8/26/03
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