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 Department of Biological Sciences
The Fifty Most Asked Questions by Biology and Pre-professional Students
(and their answers)
 
1. What is meant when I am asked in which College I am enrolled? I thought that was BGSU.
The University of Bowling Green is divided into a number of Colleges, some having sub-divisions called Schools. Those with undergraduate programs are:
  • College of Arts and Sciences
    • School of Art
    • School of Communications Studies
  • College of Business Administration
  • College of Education and Allied Professions
    • Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
    • School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation
  • College of Health and Human Services
    • School of Nursing
  • College of Musical Arts
  • College of Technology
  • Firelands College


2. The Department of Biological Sciences is located in which College?
The programs in the Biological Sciences are in the College of Arts and Sciences, with the exception of programs leading to a teaching certification. Such programs are located in the College of Education and Allied Professions.


3. What is the difference in the various colleges?
Each College and programs within a College have their own requirements. It is important for you to know what those requirements are as quickly as possible, in order that you can begin to take courses leading to the completion of the courses needed for graduation.


4. Do I need to declare a major? When, where and how?
The sooner you declare a major, the sooner you will be assigned to an advisor in the program of study you have selected. Thus, it is to your benefit to declare a major as soon as possible. You declare your major in the College of Arts and Sciences, Room 205 Administration Building.


5. How do I change my major?
The process is very simple. Go to the office of the College you are presently enrolled in and tell them you wish to change your major from major "X" to major "Y." They will tell you what to do next. You must have a 2.0 grade point average to switch from one College to another.


6. Must I declare a minor?
In most programs, a minor is required. Biology is no exception. You must declare a minor, which is done in the College of Arts and Sciences office.

You may pick any minor you wish. However, Biology majors have an automatic minor that is satisfied with the completion of the Biology major requirements. That is a Science minor. Because of the number of biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics courses you take as a Biology major, you automatically complete a Science minor. As with any other minor, the Science minor must be declared in the College of Arts and Sciences office.


7. Where's the best place to get advice about a program of study or other requirements for a particular degree program?
First, the worst place to get advice is from another student! Accurate information concerning program requirements are provided by departmental advisors or college advisors. In Biology they are: Biology Dr. Lakshmi Pulakat, 372-8555 (Last names A-C) Biology Dr. Betsy Clark, 372-9390 (Last names D-H and V-Z) Biology Dr. Daniel Pavuk, 372-8082 (Last names I-P) Biology Dr. Eileen Underwood, 372-8564 (Last names Q-U and Science Education Majors) Biology: Pre-medicine Dr. Lee Meserve, 372-8361 Biology: Pre-dentistry Dr. Lee Meserve Biology: Pre-veterinary medicine Dr. Lee Meserve Biology: Marine Biology Dr. Mike McKay, 372-6873 Biology: Microbiology Dr. Narasaiah Gavini, 372-2279 Biology: Neuroscience Dr. Paul Moore, 372-8556 (see question #50)

The BGSU Biology Department has strengths in many areas of the field. Although we may not offer a formal major in a particular area, e.g., botany, marine biology, zoology, to cite a few examples, it is possible in consultation with an advisor to develop a program of concentration in the particular area of interest.


8. What is a junior audit, do I need to have one done and where should I go to get it done?

What? A junior audit is an examination of the courses you have completed and are currently taking. A detailed list of further requirements for you to complete is provided by the individual reviewing your audit. Thus, you will know precisely what you must do to complete your degree.

Required? Yes, it is required between completion of 60-90 hours. But it is foolish not to have it done! It can prevent a lot of misery during your last semester, senior year, when you might be informed that you cannot graduate because you did not complete certain requirements.

When? The best time is during your junior year. Obviously, that is why it is called a junior audit. By having it done during your junior year, you have time to correct any problems during your senior year.

Where? Junior audits are completed by YOU in consultation with your departmental advisor. AND, you must have your biology advisor’s signature before the audit is processed by the College.


9. Do I need to file for graduation? If so, where and when?
Yes, you must file an application for graduation. Application forms and information are available at the Office of Registration and Records, 110 Administration Building and the College Office. Completed applications must be returned to the College office. For Biology majors, that's the College of Arts and Sciences, 205 Administration Building. Deadlines exist for filing graduation applications. They are:
  • For graduation in December, file by the end of the second week of fall semester.
  • For graduation in May, file by the end of the second week of spring semester.
  • For graduation in August, file by the end of the first week of the first summer session.


10. What happens if I take a 100-level course as a senior?
If a senior takes a course numbered 100-199 (except foreign language or computer science), an additional hour will be added to the credit hours necessary for graduation for each 100-level course.


11. How many credit hours are needed for graduation?
A minimum of 122 semester hours of credit are required for graduation. Of that 122 hours, 40 must be 300- and 400-level courses. The 40 upper-level hours may be accumulated with any course. They need not be biology or other science courses.

When completing the College's group requirements, it is wise to take some of those courses at the upper level (300 and 400).

The last 30 credit hours of the necessary 122 hours must be completed at BGSU.


12. What penalty is there for taking English 112 late in my stay at BGSU?
If you take English 112 after you have reached junior standing (60 credit hours), three credit hours are added to the 122 hours needed for graduation.

If you take English 112 after you have reached senior standing (90 credit hours), four credit hours are added to the 122 hours needed for graduation.


13. What are articulation requirements?
These are requirements added to the 122 credit hours needed for graduation. It is expected that entering freshmen have completed a college preparatory program. If you have not completed the necessary number of specified units in high school, credit hours may be added to the 122 credit hours you need for graduation (1 unit equals 1 year of high school study). The required units are:
  • Four units of high school English
  • Three units of high school mathematics (algebra 1, algebra II, geometry)
  • Three units of science (with at least two of them lab sciences)
  • Three units of social science
  • Two units of the same foreign language
  • One unit of visual or performing arts (art, dance, film, music, theatre)
Deficiencies can be completed when fulfilling College general requirements (group requirements). All deficiencies must be completed within the first 60 hours of credit at BGSU.

For each two units of deficiency, three credit hours will be added to your graduation requirements.


14. Why am I in my second year at BGSU and am still classified as a freshman?
Your classification as a freshman, sophomore, junior or senior is determined by the number of credit hours completed. The following number of credit hours are used in classifying your status:
0-29 credit hours Freshman
30-59 credit hours Sophomore
60-89 credit hours Junior
90 plus credit hours Senior


15. May I take a course at a local college during the summer and transfer the credits to BGSU?
Yes, you may. Prior to doing so, check in with the Transfer Credit Office in the Office of Registration and Records for information on the proper procedure to follow. However, remember that your last 30 hours must be completed on campus unless you have received a waiver prior to taking the course. Also remember that you must receive a grade of C or better for the credit to transfer and that the grade is not transferred (thus, it does not become incorporated into the BGSU GPA).


16. My friends say the only thing I can do with my biology degree is to teach. Are they right?
No, they are not correct. Our majors are employed in a wide assortment of jobs ranging from high tech research positions to field oriented jobs. In fact, if you want to teach in public school, you must be enrolled in the College of Education and Allied Professions. See Appendix E in the handbook for a list of possible occupations for biology graduates.


17. Do I have an opportunity to take a course just for the fun of it?
You certainly may. Though many of the credit hours necessary for graduation are spelled out for you, you may still take a number of courses just for the pure enjoyment it gives you. Better yet, they count toward the 122 credit hours needed for graduation.


18. What is an internship and how do I go about getting/doing one?
An internship is an opportunity to get academic credit while working on a job. If a summer job is biological in nature, you may receive up to 3 hours credit in Biology 489. Check this out with your advisor. It is important to check with your advisor and make arrangements BEFORE the experience.

There are many summer internships which pay a stipend, provide board and room, and other costs. These are usually associated with a university or medical school. The bulletin boards across from LSC 224 and LSC 229 are the places to look for internship possibilities.

You may also check in with the Co-op Office, second floor, Administration Building.


19. What is an Undergraduate Research Assistantship and how do I get one?
Undergraduate Research Assistants are selected by a committee of biology students and faculty. Undergraduate assistants are assigned to a professor in the Department for a few hours per week and are paid $500 for their services. The experience is invaluable.

Assistants are selected early in spring semester. Announcements will be posted in the Life Science Building concerning deadlines for application.

The assistantships are awarded competitively. They usually are given to juniors and seniors and your G.P.A. is a primary factor in the selection of the candidates for the positions.


20. I am particularly interested in a special area of biology. Is there a way I might work in the lab of a professor doing such research?
Absolutely! Contact the professor and volunteer a couple hours a week of your time; you'll be surprised how often it turns into a paid position. If you don't know who's doing what in the Department, ask you advisor or the instructor in any of your biology classes. There is also a list of faculty research interests available from the departmental office. I don't know of a single case where volunteer labor has been turned down!


21. What is the difference between a straight biology degree and one in the pre-professional areas (pre-med, pre-dent or pre-vet med)?
The differences are not that great since both receive a biology degree and must fulfill the same requirements. In the biology program, pre-professionals take a full year of organic chemistry rather than one semester and two semesters of physics, rather than a single physics course. These requirements are mandated by professional schools, not BGSU. Straight biology majors interested in physiology and molecular biology should take as much chemistry as possible. The only other difference is in the selection of biology courses. You may also major in chemistry as one of the pre-professionals listed above. You do not have to major in biology or chemistry to be admitted to any of the post-graduate programs, but it certainly helps. A philosophy major can be admitted to medical school if he/she does well on the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and satisfies other requirements.


22. What is Biology 401?
Biology 401 is an independent study course. You may define a problem and seek the support of a biology faculty member to sponsor you or you may be involved in the ongoing research program of a professor. Simply talk to a professor in the area of your interest. They can direct you from that point as to how to register for the course and what will be expected of you. You must have completed four semesters of biology prior to enrolling in Biology 401. You may repeat the course, but a maximum of four hours will count toward the 32 credit hours of biology courses needed in the major.


23. What is Biology 470?
Biology 470 is an independent readings course. There may be a topic covered in a general fashion in one of your courses and you want to pursue it in greater depth. You must work with a faculty member, and it usually requires the writing of a term paper on the topic or periodic discussions with the faculty member directing your Biology 470 course. You receive one hour credit for the course and may repeat it should you desire. Only two hours will count toward the 32 credit hours needed in biology courses.

Again, any biology faculty member or advisor can direct you to the appropriate professor based on the topic of interest you express.


24. How do I find out about internships, job opportunities, summer scholarship programs and such?
Check the bulletin boards across from LSC 224 and LSC 229 on a regular basis. This is where most of the information is posted. Individual faculty members may also have knowledge about such opportunities.


25. What types of programs or specializations are available to students interested in biology? Who should I see to discuss such specializations?

AREAS OF CONCENTRATION
Applied Microbiology (Health and Human Services College) Mr. Harr
Aquatic Biology Dr. Lowe
Botany and Horticulture Dr. Michaels
Cellular and Molecular Biology Dr. Graham
Ecology Dr. Pavuk
Electron Microscopy Dr. Heckman
Endocrinology Dr. Meserve
Environmental Health (Health and Human Services College) Dr. Silverman
Genetics Dr. Woodruff
Invertebrate Zoology Dr. Rockett
Marine Biology Dr. McKay
Medical Technology (Health and Human Services College) Mr. Harr
Microbiology Dr. Gavini
Neuroscience Dr. Moore
Parasitology Dr. Pavuk
Physiology -Animal Dr. Geusz
- Cell Dr. Fioravanti
- Plant Dr. Morris
Pre-dentistry Dr. Meserve
Pre-medicine Dr. Meserve
Pre-mortuary science College Office
Pre-occupational therapy College Office
Pre-optometry Dr. Meserve
Pre-osteopathy Dr. Meserve
Pre-podiatry Dr. Meserve
Pre-veterinary medicine Dr. Meserve
Science Education College of Education


26. Are there opportunities for scholarships in Biology?
Yes, the Department awards a number of scholarships each year. The scholarships are based on academics and not financial need. Thus, your academic record must be competitive. Early during spring semester, announcements will be posted in the Life Science Building informing you of the scholarships available, the requirements for each, and where to pick up application forms.

Departmental scholarships are awarded independently of those given by the Office of Financial Aid and Student Employment. In other words, you may receive both if you qualify. (See list of scholarships in the handbook, Page 53.)


27. What is the best time to talk with an instructor of a course that is eating me alive?
The sooner the better! Do not wait until the last week of the semester. Ask for an appointment and discuss the problem with the instructor. He/she might be able to give you tips on how to better prepare for exams or other grade determining devices.


28. My lab instructor is a foreign student and I have problems understanding him/her? What should I do?
The best policy is to always discuss the problem with the lab instructor first. Explain that you are having problems and together try to arrive at a solution to the problems. Patience may be required by both the instructor and the student in such situations. When all else fails, explain the problem to the lecturer in the course. Remember, your lab instructor is a student also.


29. Suppose I am in band, choir, on an athletic team or some such group and will be out of town for a class period or test. What should I do?
Discuss the situation with your instructor well in advance of your intended absence. Usually, accommodations can be made to cover such problems. You are responsible for completing the work that was due when you were gone from campus.


30. I have been told that Professor X is on probation for giving too many low grades! Is this true?
Do not believe a word of it! You will be put on probation for getting low grades, but there is no such thing as putting a professor on probation for his/her grading policies. Such information may be discussed when an individual faculty member is evaluated for merit or promotion, but no administrator puts Professor X on probation for grades given.


31. What happens if I get caught cheating on an exam or committing plagiarism?
Penalties are described in the Student Code. It would be to your benefit to read this publication and to abide by its rules and regulations. (see Appendix A in the handbook)


32. Why must I as a science major take all of those courses in foreign language, social sciences and humanities?
Your degree is a degree in the liberal arts. You are not in a vocational or a trade school. It is important that you be exposed to facets of society and life outside of the science laboratory. You will be a part of society for the rest of your life after graduating from BGSU. You will not be locked up in a laboratory 24 hours per day. It is important that you be a functional part of society. Besides, it helps you win in Jeopardy or Trivial Pursuit! (see Appendix B-1 and B-2 in the handbook)


33. Please explain the language requirements to me in terms I can understand.
If you have completed four years of the same language in high school, you will not have to take a foreign language course at BGSU. This must be documented by your high school transcript.

Usually, one year of a foreign language in high school is equal to one semester of college work. Depending upon the language, there are a number of ways to complete the requirement. If you have not completed four years of the same foreign language, you will be required to take one or more courses at BGSU.

Carefully read that portion of the Arts and Sciences Student Handbook to identify the courses that you might use to complete the requirements for anyone of the many foreign languages at BGSU. (see Appendix C in the handbook)


34. How much Chemistry must I take?
The minimum amount of Chemistry is 125, 127, 128 and 306. You will probably need to take further courses in chemistry if you are interested in physiology, molecular or cellular biology, microbiology, or genetics. If you intend to apply to health professional school, Chemistry 341/342 will be required instead of Chemistry 306. You are encouraged to take as much chemistry as will fit into your program of study.


35. Do I have to take calculus?
Yes, it is a College of Arts and Sciences requirement that all students receiving a Bachelor of Science degree must take calculus. You may take the 5-credit hour Math 131 course or the two 3-credit hour Math 134 and 135 sequence to satisfy the requirement.


36. What courses may I take S/U (commonly called Pass/Fail)?
You may take up to 16 hours S/U outside your biology courses. The 16 hours does not include English 111 or 100-level PEG hours. Thus, if your math skills are not the best, you may take calculus S/U. Remember however, to get an S in a course taken S/U, you must attain a grade of C or better to constitute a passing grade. When taking a letter graded course, a D is a passing grade. It doesn't do a whole lot for the G.P.A. to get a 5-credit hour D in Math 131, but you at least have passed the course.


37. Must I take a course in cultural diversity?
If you were a freshman or transfer student when you began your studies Fall Semester, 1991, you must take one of the following courses to satisfy the Cultural Diversity requirement. (see Appendix D-1 in the handbook)


38. What penalties exist if I take a course S/U?
See the answer to question 36.


39. What happens if I get an "F" in a course?
The first thing that happens is your parents get very upset! It also is disastrous to your G.P.A. You may only repeat two courses in which you received a grade of F. So be very selective in the courses you plan to get a grade of F. There are certain rules that must be fulfilled in repeating a course. They are listed on page 10-11 of the 1995/97 Undergraduate Catalog.


40. If I receive an F in a course, may I repeat that course at another University?
The Undergraduate Catalog states on page 10, "If a student receives a grade of D, F, I or WF in a course and then receives credit for that course by successful completion of a similar course at another institution, the credit hours and quality points for the first registration will continue to be used in computing the student's G.P.A."

Which means, you won't have to take the course over at BG, but your G.P.A. will not change. Courses are transferred in, not grades (see Question 15).


41. What happens if I get a D in a course?
A D is a passing grade, though it wreaks havoc with your G.P.A. Again quoting from the Undergraduate Catalog 1995/97 on page 10-11, "If the student repeats a course in which a D was received, no additional credit hours are earned." However, if it is one of the two courses you have selected to repeat, the second grade will be used in the computation of the G.P.A.


42. What happens if I receive an incomplete in a course?
To get a grade in the course, you must complete the course work. There are deadlines to be met. If they are not met, the I is converted to an F. An extension may be granted by the professor for you to complete the work, but the grade is still converted to an F at the following time deadlines and removed when the work is completed and the final grade is submitted.
  • If the grade of I was given fall semester, it must be completed by March 1.
  • If the I was given during spring semester, it must be completed by August 1.
  • If the I was achieved during summer session, you have until November 1 to complete the work.


43. What happens if I get a grade in a course that I feel I did not deserve?
See page 9 of the current Undergraduate Catalog for a complete description of grade appeals. A policy for appeal exists in each Department. The first step should be to discuss the situation with the course instructor. If the results are not satisfactory, then the established procedures printed in the Catalog should be followed. Remember though, the sole responsibility and authority for giving grades rests with the instructor of the course.


44. What sort of exams must I take to get in professional or graduate schools?
Graduate Record Exam (GRE) for graduate school.
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) for medical school.
Veterinary College Admission Test (VCAT) for veterinary medicine.
Dental Admission Test (DAT) for dental school.
Optometry College Admission Test (OCAT) for optometry school.

Gaining admission to medical school will be influenced by:

  1. Your score on the MCAT
  2. Your undergraduate G.P.A.
  3. Letters of recommendation
  4. Your success in the interview at the college of your choice

The criteria are similar for most graduate schools and other professional schools. Graduate schools most often require the GRE. (See page 49).


45. How do I compute my Grade Point Average (G.P.A.)?
The current catalog has an easy to follow recipe for determining G.P.A. It is copied below for you to follow in computing your G.P.A.

For averaging grades, the following quality points are assigned to each letter grade:
    For each hour of A -- 4 points;
    For each hour of B -- 3 points;
    For each hour of C -- 2 points;
    For each hour of D -- 1 point;
    For each hour of F or WF -- 0 points;
    For each hour of I -- 0 points after the deadline for removal.

A student's grade point average is obtained by dividing the total number of quality points by the number of hours taken, excluding courses in which the marks, S, U, P, W or WP are recorded. The hours for which a mark of I is recorded are excluded from grade point average computation until the deadline for removal.

As an example, suppose a student receives the following grades for a semester:
Biology (a 4-hour course) B
English (a 3-hour course) B
French (a 4-hour course) C
Health (a 3-hour course) A

First, determine the number of quality points earned for each course. For example, each hour of B is worth 3 points and a 4-hour B is worth 12 points (3 x 4). Therefore, the above grades translate into quality points as follows:

       4 times 3	(B)	=	12
       3 times 3	(B)	=	 9
       4 times 2	(C)	=	 8
    +  3 times 4	(A)	=	12
    ________________________________________________
      14 hours			    41 quality points
Now, divide the number of quality points by the number of hours taken for a letter grade. The grade point average for this sample schedule is 2.9285 or 2.92. Grade point averages are not rounded up to the nearest hundredth of a point.


46. What is academic warning, academic suspension and academic dismissal?
The following table taken from the catalog is used for the above:
Standing Hours Earned Warning Suspension
G.P.A. of
Freshman 0-29 1.50-1.99 0.00-1.49
Sophomore 30-59 1.70-1.99 0.00-1.69
Junior 60-89 1.80-1.99 0.00-1.79
Senior 90+ 1.90-1.99 0.00-1.89

Academic Warning

If your G.P.A. falls within the range of G.P.A.s listed above by class standing, you are warned that you are not making satisfactory progress toward your degree. Such a student is limited to 15 credit hours of courses until he/she is again in good standing (a G.P.A. above 2.00).

Academic Suspension

Students who are suspended from the University because of low G.P.A. may not return the next semester with the following exceptions:

  1. You may attend any summer session at BGSU to boost your G.P.A., and
  2. You may file an appeal with the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. If you receive favorable action, you may return the semester immediately following the suspension.

The current catalog supplies further information on page 11.

Academic Dismissal (see catalog page 11)

If you are suspended for a second time, you will be dismissed from the University. "Students who have been academically dismissed may not enroll again at the University for a period of five calendar years from the date of dismissal unless they have received favorable action on a written appeal to the Dean." (This information taken from the current catalog.)


47. What is academic forgiveness?
The academic forgiveness policy allows a student returning to the University after a period of time the option of having his or her G.P.A. calculated from the point of re-admission without losing credit for all previous course work with a grade of C or better. (see current catalog page 10 for more details).


48. How do I graduate with honors?
There are three categories for graduating with honors. They are determined by G.P.A. in total letter-graded courses (TLC). If a student completes less than 110 hours in TLC, a higher grade point average than the minimum is required.
  • Cum laude Represents a high level of academic success. This honor requires a minimum of 55 TLC and an accumulative G.P.A. at least as high as the larger of 3.5 and 4.5 - TLC 110
  • Magna cum laude This represents a very high level of academic achievement. It requires a minimum of 83 TLC and an accumulative G.P.A. at least as high as the larger of 3.75 and 4.75 - TLC 110
  • Summa cum laude The highest level of academic achievement. This honor requires a minimum of 99 TLC and an accumulative G.P.A. at least as high as the larger of 3.9 and 4.9 - TLC 110


49. Does the Department of Biological Sciences have an honors program?
Yes. Information concerning the program may be obtained from the Departmental Honors Advisor. A thesis is required (Biol. 402) of students in the departmental honors program. This thesis is a presentation of the research results achieved in Biol. 401H (honors independent study). See page 45 of the handbook.


50. If all of my questions have not been answered in this brochure, where can I get further information?
There are a number of places that are founts of information. They are:
  1. The first 40 or so pages of the current BGSU Undergraduate Catalog.
  2. The Arts and Sciences Student Handbook given to you when you became a student in the College of Arts and Sciences.
  3. Advisors in the College of Arts and Sciences.
  4. Advisors in the Department of Biological Sciences.


The Department of Biological Sciences has used materials printed in the Undergraduate Catalog and the College of Arts and Sciences Student Handbook. We acknowledge both sources and thank those who were involved in producing the two publications.